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  • Nederlab, online laboratory for humanities research on Dutch text collections

    The Nederlab project aims to bring together all digitized texts relevant to Dutch national heritage, the history of Dutch language and culture (c. 800 - present) in one user-friendly and tool-enriched open access web interface, allowing scholars to simultaneously search and analyze data from texts spanning the full recorded history of the Netherlands, its language and culture. The project builds on various initiatives: for corpora Nederlab collaborates with the scientific libraries and institutions, for infrastructure with CLARIN (and CLARIAH), for tools with eHumanities programmes such as Catch, IMPACT and CLARIN (TICCL, frog). Nederlab will offer a large number of search options with which researchers can find the occurrence of a particular term in a particular corpus or subcorpus. It'll also offer visualization of search results through line graphs, bar graphs, circle graphs, or scatter graphs. Furthermore, this online lab will offer a large set of tools, like tokenization tools, tools for spelling normalization, PoS-tagging tools, lemmatization tools, a computational historical lexicon and indices. Also, the use of (semi-) automatic syntactic parsing, tools for text mining, data mining and sentiment mining, Named Entity Recognition tools, coreference resolution tools, plagiarism detection tools, paraphrase detection tools and cartographical tools is offered The first version of Nederlab was launched in early 2015, it’ll be expanded until the end of 2017. Nederlab is financed by NWO, KNAW, CLARIAH and CLARIN-NL.
    http://www.nederlab.nl/wp/?page_id=12

  • CLARIN Vocabulary Service

    The CLARIN Vocabulary Service is a running instance of the OpenSKOS exchange and publication platform for SKOS vocabularies. OpenSKOS offers several ways to publish SKOS vocabularies (upload SKOS file, harvest from another OpenSKOS instance with OAI-PMH, construct using the RESTful API) and to use vocabularies (search and autocomplete using the API, harvest using OAI-PMH, inspect in the interactive Editor or consult as Linked Data). This CLARIN OpenSKOS instance is hosted by the Meertens Institute. Contents This OpenSKOS instance currently publishes SKOS versions of three vocabularies: - ISO-639-3 language codes, as published by SIL. - Closed and simple Data Categories from the ISOcat metadata profile. - A manually constructed and curated list of Organizations, based on the CLARIN VLO. .
    Brugman, H. 2017. CLAVAS: A CLARIN Vocabulary and Alignment Service. In: Odijk J. & van Hessen A, CLARIN in the Low Countries, ch 5, pp 61-69. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbi.5

  • MIGMAP: Detailed interactive mapping of migration in The Netherlands in the 20th century.

    MIGMAP is a web application that can show migration flow between Dutch municipalities. The user first chooses generation (forward or backward in time) and gender, while subsequently the migration map of The Netherlands related to an interactively pointed municipality (or other aggregation unit) is shown. The data underlying the migration maps originate from the first name selection from the Civil Registration, acquired by Utrecht University and the Meertens Institute in 2006. These concern 16 million records from persons with Dutch citizenship, alive in 2006, and in addition 6 million persons deceased before 2006, but mentioned in other records – mainly as parents. The records include identifiers by which family relations can be reconstructed. After considerable efforts in data clearing and reconstruction of older generations, the data provide an almost complete overview of the Dutch population, born after 1930, and a fairly good sample from the period 1880-1930 (>25%). The user will be given options to choose generation (places of birth of the current population, their parents, grandparents grand-grandparents, or starting with the persons born between 1880-1900: the current places of residence of their children, grandchildren), and gender. Each map will be made available as a .csv record with municipality number and percentage as fields, and thus can be used by users in correlation studies with other variables. Utrecht University and the Meertens Institute have the signed permission of the "Basisadministratie voor Persoonsgegevens en Reisdocumenten, The Hague" to use the data for scientific purposes. The migration maps present the data in an aggregated way, and do not violate privacy requirements (no individual can possibly be identified from the maps). However, the underlying data containing information about individual persons and their family relations cannot be made available for reasons of privacy.
    Bloothooft, G, Onland, D and Kunst, J.P. 2017. Mapping Migration across Generations. In: Odijk, J and van Hessen, A. (eds.) CLARIN in the Low Countries, Pp. 351–360. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbi.29. License: CC-BY 4.0
    Ekamper, P. en Bloothooft, G. (2013), "Weg van je wortels. De afstand tussen overgrootouders en achterkleinkinderen", DEMOS 29, 2, p8.

  • Gabmap is a free web-based application for dialectometry. It measures the differences in sets of phonetic (or phonemic) transcriptions via edit distance. Gabmap has a graphical user interface that makes string comparison facility available as a web application.

    Gabmap is a free web-based application for dialectometry. It measures the differences in sets of phonetic (or phonemic) transcriptions via edit distance. Gabmap has a graphical user interface that makes string comparison facility available as a web application. This enables wider experimentation with the techniques. Gabmap (a.k.a. ADEPT) measures pronunciation distances based on transcriptions and aligns pronunciation transcription data. Because the measurements are numeric, they can be aggregated in order to obtain an estimation of overall pronunciation differences among varieties. The software uses a range of edit distance (or Levenshtein) algorithms. It is useful for dialectologists, and has been used extensively in dialectology. It has occasionally been used for other purposes, e.g. trying to identify loan words automatically (Paris, Musée de l’Homme, central Asian project involving Turkic and also Indo-Iranian languages). The software has also been used as the basis of a program to multi-align pronunciation data for the purpose of phylogenetic analysis. The Gabmap developers claim that the program could also be used to measure deviant pronunciation e.g. of second-language learners, or of speakers with speech defects. A variety of related algorithms are implemented in the package of C programs (and R programs) the developers turned into a web application, including a basic version regarding segments only as same or different, and other versions variously respecting consonant/vowel distinctions; using phonetic segment distances as provided via an assignment of phonetic or phonological features to segments; using segment distances as learned from refining alignment correspondences; and applying weightings derived from (inverse) frequency (derived from Goebl’s work) or depending on the position within a word. There are useful auxiliary programs aimed at assisting users in converting phonetic data to X-SAMPA and at spotting errors. (In working with users in the past, the developers have noted that data conversion is a major hurdle.) There are additional meta-analytical calculations aimed at gauging how reliable the signal is from a given set of data, and aimed at comparing various options with respect to the degree to which they capture the geographic cohesion one assumes in dialectology. Gabmap was developed in the CLARIN-NL project ADEPT: Assaying Differences via Edit-Distance of Pronunciation Transcriptions.
    Nerbonne, J., Colen, R., Gooskens, C., Kleiweg, P., and Leinonen, T. (2011). Gabmap — A Web Application for Dialectology. Dialectologica, Special issue II, 65-89.
    T. Leinonen, Ç. Çöltekin, J. Nerbonne, Using Gabmap. Lingua Vol. 178, 71-83, doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2015.02.004

  • VK: Verrijkt Koninkrijk (Enriched Kingdom)

    Dr Loe de Jong’s Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog remains the most appealing history of German occupied Dutch society (1940-1945). Published between 1969 and 1991, the 14 volumes, consisting of 30 parts and 18,000 pages combine the qualities of an authoritative work for a general audience, and an inevitable point of reference for scholars. In VK this corpus is enriched with: - Tokenization, sentence splitting, part-of-speech tagging and lemmatization (done with the FROG software from Tilburg University); - Named entity recognition (done using UvA's NE tagger (specially trained for Dutch within the Stevin DuoMan project)); - Polarity tagging (positive/negative connotation of words) (done using UvA's FietsTas software (developed for Dutch within the Stevin DuoMan project)); - Named entity reconciliation by linking to Wikipedia (done using software developed by Edgar Meij (UvA)).
    REST web interface, HTTP GET
    De Boer, V., J. van Doornik, L. Buitinck, K. Ribbens, and T. Veken. Enriched Access to a Large War Historical Text using the Back of the Book Index. Extended abstract presented at the Workshop on Semantic Web and Information Extraction (SWAIE 2012), Galway, Ireland, 9 october 2012
    L. Buitinck and M.Marx, Two-Stage Named-Entity Recognition Using Averaged Perceptrons in proceedings of NDLB, Groningen, Netherlands, 2012. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-31178-9_17

  • CLARIN Concept Registry

    The CCR is a concept registry according to the W3C SKOS recommendation. It was chosen by CLARIN to serve as a semantic registry to overcome semantic interoperability issues with CMDI metadata and different annotation tag sets used for linguistic annotation. The CCR is part of the CMDI metadata infrastructure. The W3C SKOS recommendation, and the OpenSKOS implementation thereof, provides the means for ‘data-sharing, bridging several different fields of knowledge, technology and practice’. According to this model, each concept is assigned a unique administrative identifier, together with information on the status or decision-making process associated with the concept. In addition, concept specifications in the CCR contain linguistic descriptions, such as definitions and examples, and can be associated with a variety of labels. .

  • CMDI to RDF conversion

    There is growing amount of on-line information available in RDF format as Linked Open Data (LOD) and a strong community very actively promotes its use. The publication of information as LOD is also considered an important signal that the publisher is actively searching for information sharing with a world full of new potential users. Added advantages of LOD, when well used, are the explicit semantics and high interoperability. But the problematic modelling by non-expert users offsets these advantages, which is a reason why modelling systems as CMDI are used. The CMDI2RDF project aims to bring the LOD advantages to the CMDI world and make the huge store of CMDI information available to new groups of users and at the same time offer CLARIN a powerful tool to experiment with new metadata discovery possibilities. The CMD2RDFservice was created to allow connection with the growing LOD world, and facilitate experiments within CLARIN merging CMDI with other, RDF based, information sources. One of the promises of LOD is the ease to link data sets together and answer queries based on this ‘cloud’ of LOD datasets. Thus in the enrichment and use cases part of the project we looked at other datasets to link to the CLARIN joint metadata domain. We used the WALS N3 RDF dump for one of the use cases. Although it is in the end relatively easy to go from a specific typological feature to the CMD records via a shared URI, it still showcased a weakness of the Linked Data approach. One has to carefully inspect the property paths involved. And in this case the path was broken as there was no clear way to go from the WALS feature data to the WALS language info except for extracting the WALS language code from the feature URI pattern and insert it the language URI pattern. This showcases that although the big LOD cloud shows potential for knowledge discovery by crossing dataset boundaries, design decisions in the individual datasets can still hamper algorithms and manual inspection is needed. The CMD2RDF service was developed at the TLA/MPI for Psycholinguistics and DANS and later moved to Meertens Institute where the expertise remains.

  • MIMORE: Microcomparative Morphosyntax Research Tool

    With the MIMORE search engine one can search three databases together, with text strings, part of speech tags and syntactic variables. The researcher can combine categories and features into complex tags or use predefined tags. All categories and features are defined in ISOcat. Since all sentences have a location code, the morphosyntactic phenomena found in a set of sentences resulting from a search can be automatically plotted on a geographic map. It is possible to include more than one morphosyntactic phenomenon in one map, thus visualizing potential correlations between these phenomena. There is also a user-friendly function to export the data to a statistical program. The data in DynaSAND, the dynamic syntactic atlas of the Dutch dialects (http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/sand/ (link is external)), were collected between 2000 and 2005 by oral interviews (fieldwork and telephone) in about 300 locations across The Netherlands, Belgium and a small part of north-west France. Dialect speakers were asked to judge and/or translate some 150 test sentences. DynaSAND makes available the full recordings and transcriptions of these interviews. Together, the DynSAND data cover the syntactic variation in the Dutch language area in the left periphery of the clause (the complementizer system and complementizer agreement), variation in subject pronoun form depending on syntactic position, subject pronoun doubling, cliticization on YES/NO, the reflexive system, fronting constructions (Wh-clauses, relative clauses, topicalization), word order and morphological variation in verb clusters, negation and quantification. The data in DiDDD (Diversity in Dutch DP Design; http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/diddd/ (link is external)) were collected between 2005 and 2009 with oral and written interviews in about 200 locations in the Dutch language area, with a methodology highly parallel to DynaSAND. The data involve translations of and judgements on test sentences. For 29 interviews there are sound recordings which have been lined up with their transcriptions. The DIDDD data cover the morphosyntactic variation within nominal groups, in particular possessives, partitives, noun ellipsis, the demonstrative system, the numeral modification system, what-for constructions, quantitative er, adjectival inflection, negation and exclamatives. The data in GTRP (Goeman, Taeldeman, van Reenen Project; http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/mand/database/ (link is external)) were collected between 1979 and 2000 with oral interviews in about 600 locations in the Dutch language area. Informants were asked to translate words or short sentences. Part of the transcriptions have been lined up with the sound recordings. The morphological data in GTRP include plural forms of nouns, diminutives, gender on nouns and adjectives, comparatives, superlatives, verbal inflection including participles, subject, object and possessive pronouns.
    S. Barbiers, M. van Koppen, H. Bennis, N. Corver, MIcrocomparative MOrphosyntactic REsearch (MIMORE): Mapping partial grammars of Flemish, Brabantish and Dutch. Lingua Vol. 178, 5-31. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2015.10.018

  • Taalportaal, the linguistics of Dutch, Frisian and Afrikaans online.

    Taalportaal (or Language Portal) is an interactive knowledge base about Dutch, Frisian and Afrikaans. It provides access to a comprehensive and authoritative scientific grammar for these three languages.
    van der Wouden, T, Bouma, G, van deCamp, M, van Koppen, M, Landsbergen, F and Odijk, J. 2017. Enriching a Scientific Grammar with Links to Linguistic Resources: The Taalportaal. In: Odijk, J and van Hessen, A. (eds.) CLARIN in the Low Countries, Pp. 299–310. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbi.24. License: CC-BY 4.0